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Ways to Harm: Understanding DDoS Attacks from the Attacker’s View

  • By Gcore
  • April 19, 2024
  • 7 min read
Ways to Harm: Understanding DDoS Attacks from the Attacker’s View

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks pose a significant challenge to digital security, aiming to overload systems with traffic and disrupt service. But why do they occur? In this article, we’ll explore the underlying psychology and motivations behind DDoS attacks. We’ll also look at what attacker profiles mean for your defense mechanisms.

Who Carries Out DDoS Attacks?

Who launches DDoS attacks?

DDoS attackers are diverse and are not an organized group but share common traits, skills, and mindsets. They often have a deep understanding of network systems and a desire to challenge these structures. Their knowledge and expertise enable them to identify and exploit vulnerabilities, launching attacks that disrupt services for users and businesses. This knowledge, complemented by patience and persistence, is essential for carrying out prolonged attacks.

Many DDoS attackers find excitement in causing disruption, taking advantage of the anonymity the internet provides. This anonymity allows them to operate without immediate repercussions, emboldening them to target large and important systems. The thrill they experience may be amplified by the challenge and the sense of power it gives them over their targets.

Successfully executing an attack can also significantly boost an attacker’s status within their circles. Recognition from their peers encourages them to launch more ambitious attacks. Their actions, while destructive, are not random. Instead, they reflect a calculated attempt to assert dominance, explore their capabilities, and become valued by the DDoSer community.

What Motivates Attackers?

DDoS attack motivation can be political, competitive, financial, terrorist, revenge-driven or to seek attention

Understanding the motivations behind DDoS attacks offers insights into the attacker’s mindset and aids in developing robust defenses. To better grasp these motivations, we’ll examine each one through the lens of a practical example.

Financial Extortion

Financial gain is a significant driver of DDoS attacks, with cybercriminals seeking to exploit online platforms for personal profit. One common tactic involves extortion, where attackers cripple a service with a DDoS attack and then demand a ransom—often in cryptocurrency—to stop the disruption. This strategy appeals to attackers because digital currencies provide a certain level of anonymity, reducing the risk of getting caught.

In February 2024, Change Healthcare, a major US healthcare processing company, was attacked by DDoS and ransomware attacks that caused significant financial strain in the sector. Many associated clinics and laboratories warned of cash shortages and the potential need for bank loans to meet their financial obligations. It’s alleged that the company paid a ransom to regain control, although this has not been confirmed.

Political or Social Motivations

DDoS attacks can also be motivated by political or social causes. In these scenarios, attackers use DDoS attacks as a form of digital protest to bring attention to an issue they care about. They may be driven by a sense of idealism or a desire to fight for what they believe is right. DDoS attacks and their disruptive nature serve as a tool to bring attention to important issues that would otherwise be ignored.

In 2022, the small nation of Andorra experienced an internet blackout. This outage was caused by a hacktivist-launched DDoS attack and targeted the country’s only internet service provider (ISP). Intriguingly, the attack coincided with a Minecraft tournament themed around the popular series “Squid Game” on Twitch, which had several participants from Andorra. The hacktivists didn’t want Andorrans to play—and they succeeded in their malicious goal. The attack’s outcome was that many players located in Andorra had to withdraw from the tournament due to internet disruptions.

Revenge

Revenge is another common motivator for DDoS attacks, targeting individuals, businesses, and even government organizations. In these scenarios, attackers use DDoS attacks to inflict harm on a perceived enemy in retaliation for a real or imagined wrong. The desire for revenge can be a powerful motivator, and attackers may view DDoS attacks as a way to strike back anonymously and cause significant disruption.

The impersonal nature of DDoS attacks can be particularly appealing to those seeking revenge. Unlike physical vandalism, they allow attackers to cause disruption without directly confronting their target face-to-face. This can be seen in cases where disgruntled employees have launched DDoS attacks against their former employers.

In an interesting turn of events, the LockBit ransomware group, notorious for its cyber exploits, found itself on the receiving end of a DDoS attack in August 2021. Previously, LockBit had attacked Entrust, a US data security firm, stealing valuable data and demanding a ransom to prevent its public release. In retaliation, Entrust launched a large-scale DDoS attack targeted at LockBit’s Tor leak sites, the platforms where stolen data is typically exposed. This effectively disabled the sites, preventing the stolen data’s potential exposure.

Hypercompetition

The business world is ferocious. While many companies compete solely within the realm of legitimate marketing tactics, some individuals and organizations resort to DDoS attacks to gain an unfair edge over their rivals. Their motivation stems from an inherent desire to outperform competitors in the marketplace. By disrupting a competitor’s online presence and hindering their operations, attackers hope to steal potential customers and ultimately secure a larger market share for themselves. As such, DDoS attacks launched for competitive reasons are often timed strategically, targeting periods of peak user activity like sales periods or daily peak gaming sessions to inflict maximum damage and cause significant inconvenience.

The e-commerce industry, with its vast online communities and fierce rivalries, is a key arena for competition-driven DDoS attacks. Competitors may orchestrate DDoS attacks against an online retailer’s servers to disrupt their operations and cause downtime. This disruption frustrates existing customers and deters potential new shoppers from joining the targeted server. By tarnishing the reputation of the competitor and hindering their ability to deliver a smooth buying experience, attackers hope to poach customers and attract them to their own servers.

Attention Seeking Gone Wild

The desire for attention can also be a driving force behind DDoS attacks. This motivation is often linked to youthful boundary-stretching or a desire to prove oneself. The latter occurred in the case of the Dark Frost Botnet; the attacker was seen bragging about his escapades online. These attacks are sometimes fueled by a sense of mischief or a desire to disrupt for entertainment purposes. Many attackers are talented, bored, and have time and untapped potential on their hands. As such, aspiring hackers might target an organization’s servers as a way to demonstrate their technical skills or gain notoriety within the hacking community.

Here, the distinction between wild or playful and ethical hacking comes into play. Black hat attackers exploit DDoS attacks simply for attention or entertainment. But others—white hat hackers—use their skills ethically and legally to strengthen system security by identifying vulnerabilities with permission. Meanwhile, gray hat hackers, who occupy a middle ground, may also seek to improve security by uncovering flaws without explicit permission and subsequently informing the system owners, aiming for a more positive outcome despite their methods being technically illegal. Neither group has malicious intent but focuses instead on enhancing cyber safety in their unique ways.

Cyberterrorism

Nation states or highly organized groups may orchestrate large-scale DDoS attacks against critical infrastructure, aiming to cripple an enemy nation’s digital backbone and cause widespread disruption, such as in the case of the DDoS attacks against Luxembourg municipal websites in 2024. These efforts are often meticulously planned and highly sophisticated, often using a combination of tactics that make the DDoS attacks difficult to detect and even harder to defend against.

DDoS attacks that are motivated by cyberterrorism can be rooted in retaliation for a perceived slight or act of aggression. They can be used as a smokescreen to distract security personnel while attackers infiltrate a target network and steal sensitive data. They can also be launched to create a sense of chaos and instability within a targeted nation by taking down essential services like power grids, financial institutions, or communication networks.

These attacks can have real-world ramifications far beyond those of a DDoS attack against a company or game. Hospitals can lose access to patient records during a DDoS attack, and financial markets can grind to a halt. Recently, DDoS attacks have supplemented ground invasions in war zones. In the most extreme scenarios, cyberterror attacks can contribute to, or could even spark, real-world conflicts.

How DDoS Attackers Operate

While exact routines may differ based on the perpetrator’s available resources and goals, all attacks follow a similar three-stage pattern.

  1. Preparation phase 
    1.1. Building a botnet: At the core of many DDoS attacks lies a botnet, a network of compromised devices secretly controlled by the attacker. These devices, often personal computers or IoT devices infected with malware, can be recruited through phishing campaigns or by exploiting software vulnerabilities. 
    1.2. Target identification: Attackers determine the target, which could be a specific server, website, or network. They assess the target’s vulnerability and the potential impact of the attack. 
    1.3. Resource mobilization: Attackers amass resources, such as a network of compromised devices (botnet), to launch the attack. This involves infecting multiple devices with malware to control them remotely. 
    1.4. Attack planning: This involves choosing the type of DDoS attack, timing, and duration. Attackers plan their approach based on the target’s weaknesses and desired impact.
  2. Execution phase 
    2.1. Initial exploitation: The attacker or botnet initiates the attack by sending excessive requests to the target’s IP address, overwhelming the server or network. 
    2.2. Amplification and reflection: Some attacks exploit the amplification factor of certain protocols, sending small requests to third-party servers that then send large amounts of data to the target.
  3. Monitoring and adaptation 
    3.1. Attack monitoring: The attacker closely monitors the attack’s effectiveness, adjusting tactics if necessary to bypass any implemented defenses. 
    3.2. Maintaining anonymity: Attackers often leverage anonymization techniques like Tor to mask their location and identity. 
    3.3. Sustaining the attack: The attack is maintained to cause prolonged disruption. This might involve adapting to the target’s defensive measures and varying the attack vectors.

What Can Businesses Learn from These Attacks?

Understanding the motivations and methods behind DDoS attacks empowers and motivates businesses to take proactive measures and safeguard their online presence. However, the root causes of DDoS attacks—like market competition and geopolitical unrest—are beyond a company’s influence.

The high cost of DDoS attacks extends far beyond the immediate financial losses. Unprotected companies can incur significant expenses due to:

  • Lost income during downtime
  • Detection and recovery efforts
  • Legal fees
  • Reputational damage
  • Customer churn

Unprotected businesses hemorrhage an average of $6,000 per minute during a DDoS attack. When you factor in the broader impact, a single 20-minute attack can easily escalate into losses exceeding $120,000. Reputational damage and customer loss can have long-lasting consequences that are difficult to quantify.

The only way to mitigate the disastrous consequences of DDoS attacks is proactively to adopt a comprehensive protection strategy, such as Gcore DDoS Protection.

Thwart Attackers with Gcore DDoS Protection

Gcore’s global network of scrubbing centers is designed to ensure that your business continues to operate smoothly during a DDoS attack, without delays or performance degradation. Your customers won’t notice any difference in functionality even during an active attack. These centers are well-equipped with backup copies of essential systems and network equipment, demonstrating the company’s commitment to providing uninterrupted service and security.

Gcore DDoS Protection offers businesses the following benefits:

  • Robust infrastructure: Vast distributed network of scrubbing centers with over 1 Tbps filtering capacity.
  • Proprietary DDoS protection solution: Tailored specifically to ward off a broad spectrum of DDoS threats.
  • Detection of low-frequency attacks from the first query: Even the most subtle attacks are detected.
  • Exceptionally low false-positive rate (less than 0.01%): Maintains normal operations by accurately distinguishing between legitimate traffic and attack vectors.
  • Real-time statistics in the control panel: Offers immediate insights into traffic patterns and potential threats, allowing for swift action.
  • Server protection in your data center: Extends Gcore’s protective measures directly to your infrastructure through a Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunneling protocol, regardless of location.
  • 24/7, highly qualified technical support: Ensures that expert help is always on hand, day or night, to address any concerns or attacks.
  • Exceptional uptime rate with 99.99% SLA: A seamless and uninterrupted user experience backed up by Tier III and IV data centers.

Conclusion

While understanding attackers’ mindsets can uncover some of the mysteriousness behind cybercrime, it also shows that DDoS attackers can only be stopped through an effective DDoS mitigation strategy. Partnering with a specialized DDoS protection service ensures that your network is fortified with the latest security measures, providing a strong defense that keeps your operations secure and uninterrupted.

Experience the peace of mind that comes with advanced protection with Gcore DDoS Protection for comprehensive security against DDoS attacks. With over 1 Tbps of total filtering capacity and a 99.99% SLA, your digital assets remain protected from even the most complex, sophisticated, and sustained attacks. Gcore helps to maintain the continuity of your online services, regardless of potential attackers’ motivations.

Discover Gcore DDoS Protection

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Zero-day attack is a term for any attack that targets a vulnerability in software or hardware that has yet to be discovered by the vendor or developer. The term “zero-day” stems from the idea that the developer has had zero days to address or patch the vulnerability before it is exploited.In a zero-day attack, an attacker finds a vulnerability before a developer discovers and patches itThe danger of zero-day attacks lies in their unknownness. Because the vulnerabilities they target are undiscovered, traditional defense mechanisms or firewalls may not detect them as no specific patch exists, making attack success rates higher than for known attack types. This makes proactive and innovative security measures, like AI-enabled WAAP, crucial for organizations to stay secure.Why are zero-day attacks a threat to businesses?Zero-day attacks pose a unique challenge for businesses due to their unpredictable nature. Since these exploits take advantage of previously unknown vulnerabilities, organizations have no warning or time to deploy a patch before they are targeted. This makes zero-day attacks exceptionally difficult to detect and mitigate, leaving businesses vulnerable to potentially severe consequences. As a result, zero-day attacks can have devastating consequences for organizations of all sizes. They pose financial, reputational, and regulatory risks that can be difficult to recover from, including the following:Financial and operational damage: Ransomware attacks leveraging zero-day vulnerabilities can cripple operations and lead to significant financial losses due to data breach fines. According to recent studies, the average cost of a data breach in 2025 has surpassed $5 million, with zero-day exploits contributing significantly to these figures.Reputation and trust erosion: Beyond monetary losses, zero-day attacks erode customer trust. A single breach can damage an organization’s reputation, leading to customer churn and lost opportunities.Regulatory implications: With strict regulations like GDPR in the EU and similar frameworks emerging globally, organizations face hefty fines for data breaches. Zero-day vulnerabilities, though difficult to predict, do not exempt businesses from compliance obligations.The threat is made clear by recent successful examples of zero-day attacks. The Log4j vulnerability (Log4Shell), discovered in 2021, affected millions of applications worldwide and was widely exploited. In 2023, the MOVEit Transfer exploit was used to compromise data from numerous government and corporate systems. These incidents demonstrate how zero-day attacks can have far-reaching consequences across different industries.New trends in zero-day attacksAs cybercriminals become more sophisticated, zero-day attacks continue to evolve. New methods and technologies are making it easier for attackers to exploit vulnerabilities before they are discovered. The latest trends in zero-day attacks include AI-powered attacks, expanding attack surfaces, and sophisticated multi-vendor attacks.AI-powered attacksAttackers are increasingly leveraging artificial intelligence to identify and exploit vulnerabilities faster than ever before. AI tools can analyze vast amounts of code and detect potential weaknesses in a fraction of the time it would take a human. Moreover, AI can automate the creation of malware, making attacks more frequent and harder to counter.For example, AI-driven malware can adapt in real time to avoid detection, making it particularly effective in targeting enterprise networks and cloud-based applications. Hypothetically, an attacker could use an AI algorithm to scan for weaknesses in widely used SaaS applications, launching an exploit before a patch is even possible.Expanding attack surfacesThe digital transformation continues to expand the attack surface for zero-day exploits. APIs, IoT devices, and cloud-based services are increasingly targeted, as they often rely on interconnected systems with complex dependencies. A single unpatched vulnerability in an API could provide attackers with access to critical data or applications.Sophisticated multi-vector attacksCybercriminals are combining zero-day exploits with other tactics, such as phishing or social engineering, to create multi-vector attacks. This approach increases the likelihood of success and makes defense efforts more challenging.Prevent zero-day attacks with AI-powered WAAPWAAP solutions are becoming a cornerstone of modern cybersecurity, particularly in addressing zero-day vulnerabilities. Here’s how they help:Behavioral analytics: WAAP solutions use behavioral models to detect unusual traffic patterns, blocking potential exploits before they can cause damage.Automated patching: By shielding applications with virtual patches, WAAP can provide immediate protection against vulnerabilities while a permanent fix is developed.API security: With APIs increasingly targeted, WAAP’s ability to secure API endpoints is critical. It ensures that only authorized requests are processed, reducing the risk of exploitation.How WAAP stops AI-driven zero-day attacksAI is not just a tool for attackers—it is also a powerful ally for defenders. Machine learning algorithms can analyze user behavior and network activity to identify anomalies in real time. These systems can detect and block suspicious activities that might indicate an attempted zero-day exploit.Threat intelligence platforms powered by AI can also predict emerging vulnerabilities by analyzing trends and known exploits. This enables organizations to prepare for potential attacks before they occur.At Gcore, our WAAP solution combines these features to provide comprehensive protection. By leveraging cutting-edge AI and machine learning, Gcore WAAP detects and mitigates threats in real time, keeping web applications and APIs secure even from zero-day attacks.More prevention techniquesBeyond WAAP, layering protection techniques can further enhance your business’ ability to ward off zero-day attacks. Consider the following measures:Implement a robust patch management system so that known vulnerabilities are addressed promptly.Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing to help identify potential weaknesses before attackers can exploit them.Educate employees about phishing and other social engineering tactics to decease the likelihood of successful attacks.Protect your business against zero-day attacks with GcoreZero-day attacks pose a significant threat to businesses, with financial, reputational, and regulatory consequences. The rise of AI-powered cyberattacks and expanding digital attack surfaces make these threats even more pressing. Organizations must adopt proactive security measures, including AI-driven defense mechanisms like WAAP, to protect their critical applications and data. By leveraging behavioral analytics, automated patching, and advanced threat intelligence, businesses can minimize their risk and stay ahead of attackers.Gcore’s AI-powered WAAP provides the robust protection your business needs to defend against zero-day attacks. With real-time threat detection, virtual patching, and API security, Gcore WAAP ensures that your web applications remain protected against even the most advanced cyber threats, including zero-day threats. Don’t wait until it’s too late—secure your business today with Gcore’s cutting-edge security solutions.Discover how WAAP can help stop zero-day attacks

Why do bad actors carry out Minecraft DDoS attacks?

One of the most played video games in the world, Minecraft, relies on servers that are frequently a target of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. But why would malicious actors target Minecraft servers? In this article, we’ll look at why these servers are so prone to DDoS attacks and uncover the impact such attacks have on the gaming community and broader cybersecurity landscape. For a comprehensive analysis and expert tips, read our ultimate guide to preventing DDoS attacks on Minecraft servers.Disruption for financial gainFinancial exploitation is a typical motivator for DDoS attacks in Minecraft. Cybercriminals frequently demand ransom to stop their attacks. Server owners, especially those with lucrative private or public servers, may feel pressured to pay to restore normalcy. In some cases, bad actors intentionally disrupt competitors to draw players to their own servers, leveraging downtime for monetary advantage.Services that offer DDoS attacks for hire make these attacks more accessible and widespread. These malicious services target Minecraft servers because the game is so popular, making it an attractive and easy option for attackers.Player and server rivalriesRivalries within the Minecraft ecosystem often escalate to DDoS attacks, driven by competition among players, servers, hosts, and businesses. Players may target opponents during tournaments to disrupt their gaming experience, hoping to secure prize money for themselves. Similarly, players on one server may initiate attacks to draw members to their server and harm the reputation of other servers. Beyond individual players, server hosts also engage in DDoS attacks to disrupt and induce outages for their rivals, subsequently attempting to poach their customers. On a bigger scale, local pirate servers may target gaming service providers entering new markets to harm their brand and hold onto market share. These rivalries highlight the competitive and occasionally antagonistic character of the Minecraft community, where the stakes frequently surpass in-game achievements.Personal vendettas and retaliationPersonal conflicts can occasionally be the source of DDoS attacks in Minecraft. In these situations, servers are targeted in retribution by individual gamers or disgruntled former employees. These attacks are frequently the result of complaints about unsolved conflicts, bans, or disagreements over in-game behavior. Retaliation-driven DDoS events can cause significant disruption, although lower in scope than attacks with financial motivations.Displaying technical masterySome attackers carry out DDoS attacks to showcase their abilities. Minecraft is a perfect testing ground because of its large player base and community-driven server infrastructure. Successful strikes that demonstrate their skills enhance reputations within some underground communities. Instead of being a means to an end, the act itself becomes a badge of honor for those involved.HacktivismHacktivists—people who employ hacking as a form of protest—occasionally target Minecraft servers to further their political or social goals. These attacks are meant to raise awareness of a subject rather than be driven by personal grievances or material gain. To promote their message, they might, for instance, assault servers that are thought to support unfair policies or practices. This would be an example of digital activism. Even though they are less frequent, these instances highlight the various reasons why DDoS attacks occur.Data theftMinecraft servers often hold significant user data, including email addresses, usernames, and sometimes even payment information. Malicious actors sometimes launch DDoS attacks as a smokescreen to divert server administrators’ attention from their attempts to breach the server and steal confidential information. This dual-purpose approach disrupts gameplay and poses significant risks to user privacy and security, making data theft one of the more insidious motives behind such attacks.Securing the Minecraft ecosystemDDoS attacks against Minecraft are motivated by various factors, including personal grudges, data theft, and financial gain. Every attack reveals wider cybersecurity threats, interferes with gameplay, and damages community trust. Understanding these motivations can help server owners take informed steps to secure their servers, but often, investing in reliable DDoS protection is the simplest and most effective way to guarantee that Minecraft remains a safe and enjoyable experience for players worldwide. By addressing the root causes and improving server resilience, stakeholders can mitigate the impact of such attacks and protect the integrity of the game.Gcore offers robust, multi-layered security solutions designed to shield gaming communities from the ever-growing threat of DDoS attacks. Founded by gamers for gamers, Gcore understands the industry’s unique challenges. Our tools enable smooth gameplay and peace of mind for both server owners and players.Want an in-depth look at how to secure your Minecraft servers?Download our ultimate guide

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